material

Gd
ID:

mp-155
DOI:

10.17188/1191199

Tags: High pressure experimental phase Gadolinium - alpha Gadolinium

Material Details

Final Magnetic Moment
7.652 μB

Calculated total magnetic moment for the unit cell within the magnetic ordering provided (see below). Typically accurate to the second digit.
Magnetic Ordering
FM
Formation Energy / Atom
0.000 eV

Calculated formation energy from the elements normalized to per atom in the unit cell.

Energy Above Hull / Atom
0.000 eV

The energy of decomposition of this material into the set of most stable materials at this chemical composition, in eV/atom. Stability is tested against all potential chemical combinations that result in the material's composition. For example, a Co2O3 structure would be tested for decomposition against other Co2O3 structures, against Co and O2 mixtures, and against CoO and O2 mixtures.

Density
8.00 g/cm3

The calculated bulk crystalline density, typically underestimated due calculated cell volumes overestimated on average by 3% (+/- 6%)

Decomposes To
Stable
Band Gap
0.000 eV

In general, band gaps computed with common exchange-correlation functionals such as the LDA and GGA are severely underestimated. Typically the disagreement is reported to be ~50% in the literature. Some internal testing by the Materials Project supports these statements; typically, we find that band gaps are underestimated by ~40%. We additionally find that several known insulators are predicted to be metallic.

Space Group

Hermann Mauguin
P63/mmc [194]
Hall
-P 6c 2c
Point Group
6/mmm
Crystal System
hexagonal

Electronic Structure

Topological data for ICSD ID 102659 from Topological Materials Database
Topological Classification
SM*
Subclassification
ES†
Crossing Type
Line
* Semimetal
† Enforced Semimetal with Line or Plane degeneracy

Band Structure and Density of States

Warning! Semi-local DFT tends to severely underestimate bandgaps. Please see the wiki for more info.

X-Ray Diffraction

    Select radiation source:
  • Cu
  • Ag
  • Mo
  • Fe

Calculated powder diffraction pattern; note that peak spacings may be affected due to inaccuracies in calculated cell volume, which is typically overestimated on average by 3% (+/- 6%)

X-Ray Absorption Spectra

FEFF XANES

Select an element to display a spectrum averaged over all sites of that element in the structure.

Apply Gaussian smoothing:

0 eV
3 eV
FWHM: 0 eV

Download spectra for every symmetrically equivalent absorption site in the structure.

Download FEFF Input parameters.

Warning: These results are intended to be semi-quantitative in that corrections, such as edge shifts and Debye-Waller damping, have not been included.

Substrates

Reference for minimal coincident interface area (MCIA) and elastic energy:
substrate orientation:
No elastic tensor calculated for this material, so elastic energies not avaialable. Sorting by MCIA instead.
substrate material substrate orientation film orientation MCIA† [Å2]
LaAlO3 (mp-2920) <0 0 1> <0 0 1> 80.3
AlN (mp-661) <0 0 1> <0 0 1> 34.4
AlN (mp-661) <1 0 0> <1 0 0> 105.8
AlN (mp-661) <1 1 1> <1 0 0> 190.4
CeO2 (mp-20194) <1 0 0> <0 0 1> 240.9
CeO2 (mp-20194) <1 1 1> <0 0 1> 149.1
LaAlO3 (mp-2920) <1 0 1> <0 0 1> 217.9
GaAs (mp-2534) <1 0 0> <1 0 0> 169.2
GaAs (mp-2534) <1 1 1> <0 0 1> 217.9
BaF2 (mp-1029) <1 1 0> <1 1 0> 109.9
BaF2 (mp-1029) <1 1 1> <0 0 1> 217.9
AlN (mp-661) <1 0 1> <1 0 0> 126.9
AlN (mp-661) <1 1 0> <1 0 0> 190.4
CeO2 (mp-20194) <1 1 0> <0 0 1> 172.1
GaAs (mp-2534) <1 1 0> <1 0 0> 190.4
GaN (mp-804) <0 0 1> <0 0 1> 34.4
GaN (mp-804) <1 0 0> <1 1 1> 153.6
GaN (mp-804) <1 0 1> <1 0 0> 126.9
GaN (mp-804) <1 1 0> <1 1 1> 268.7
GaN (mp-804) <1 1 1> <1 1 1> 153.6
BaF2 (mp-1029) <1 0 0> <0 0 1> 275.3
SiO2 (mp-6930) <0 0 1> <0 0 1> 149.1
SiO2 (mp-6930) <1 0 0> <1 0 0> 190.4
SiO2 (mp-6930) <1 1 0> <1 0 0> 190.4
SiO2 (mp-6930) <1 1 1> <1 1 1> 268.7
KCl (mp-23193) <1 1 1> <0 0 1> 217.9
KCl (mp-23193) <1 0 0> <0 0 1> 206.5
KCl (mp-23193) <1 1 0> <1 0 1> 288.7
DyScO3 (mp-31120) <0 0 1> <1 0 0> 63.5
DyScO3 (mp-31120) <0 1 1> <0 0 1> 160.6
InAs (mp-20305) <1 0 0> <0 0 1> 114.7
InAs (mp-20305) <1 1 0> <1 1 0> 109.9
DyScO3 (mp-31120) <0 1 0> <0 0 1> 172.1
DyScO3 (mp-31120) <1 0 0> <1 1 0> 183.2
DyScO3 (mp-31120) <1 0 1> <1 1 0> 109.9
ZnSe (mp-1190) <1 0 0> <1 0 0> 169.2
InAs (mp-20305) <1 1 1> <1 0 1> 264.7
KTaO3 (mp-3614) <1 1 1> <0 0 1> 80.3
ZnSe (mp-1190) <1 1 0> <1 0 0> 190.4
ZnSe (mp-1190) <1 1 1> <0 0 1> 217.9
KTaO3 (mp-3614) <1 0 0> <0 0 1> 217.9
KTaO3 (mp-3614) <1 1 0> <1 1 1> 153.6
CdS (mp-672) <1 0 1> <1 0 1> 264.7
CdS (mp-672) <1 1 0> <1 0 0> 148.1
CdS (mp-672) <1 1 1> <1 0 0> 253.8
LiF (mp-1138) <1 1 1> <1 0 0> 232.7
CdS (mp-672) <0 0 1> <0 0 1> 45.9
CdS (mp-672) <1 0 0> <1 0 0> 148.1
LiF (mp-1138) <1 0 0> <1 1 1> 153.6
LiF (mp-1138) <1 1 0> <1 1 0> 73.3
Up to 50 entries displayed.
†minimal coincident interface area.

Surfaces

Reference for surface energies and properties: Periodic Table of Wulff Shapes
Weighted surface energy γ
0.86 J/m2 (0.05 eV/Å2)
Weighted work function Φ
2.96 eV
Shape factor η
5.12
Surface energy anisotropy αγ
0.021
Miller Indices
(hklm) 		Surface Energy
(J/m2, eV/Å2) 		Work Function
(eV) 		Area Fraction Slab
(CIF)
(0001) 0.84, 0.05 3.38 0.17
(1011) 0.86, 0.05 2.96 0.61
(1010) 0.88, 0.05 2.69 0.11
(1120) 0.91, 0.06 2.52 0.10
(1121) 0.98, 0.06 2.48 0.00
(2130) 0.99, 0.06 2.38 0.00
(2021) 1.00, 0.06 2.76 0.00

Grain Boundaries

Reference for grain boundary energies and properties:
Sigma, Σ
 type
rotation axis rotation angle GB plane Energy, 𝛾GB
(J/m2) 		Work of Separation, Wsep
(J/m2) 		Structure
(CIF)
7 twist [0001] 21.79 (0001) 0.20 1.48

Elasticity

Reference for tensor and properties:
Visualize with ELATE
Stiffness Tensor Cij (GPa)
67 22 20 0 0 0
22 67 20 0 0 0
20 20 80 0 0 0
0 0 0 23 0 0
0 0 0 0 23 0
0 0 0 0 0 23
Compliance Tensor Sij (10-12Pa-1)
17.3 -4.8 -3.1 0 0 0
-4.8 17.3 -3.1 0 0 0
-3.1 -3.1 14 0 0 0
0 0 0 44.4 0 0
0 0 0 0 44.4 0
0 0 0 0 0 44.2
Shear Modulus GV
24 GPa
Bulk Modulus KV
37 GPa
Shear Modulus GR
24 GPa
Bulk Modulus KR
37 GPa
Shear Modulus GVRH
24 GPa
Bulk Modulus KVRH
37 GPa
Elastic Anisotropy
0.05
Poisson's Ratio
0.24

Equations of State

Reference:
Equation E0 (eV) V0 (Å3) B C
mie_gruneisen -14.079 33.687 1.873 2.000
pack_evans_james -14.079 33.687 0.208 2.003
vinet -14.079 33.680 1.886 3.034
tait -14.079 33.672 0.211 4.080
birch_euler -14.079 33.678 0.237 -0.955
pourier_tarantola -14.079 33.680 0.035 1.021
birch_lagrange -14.081 33.679 0.125 4.906
murnaghan -14.079 33.702 0.205 1.941
Equations reference

Similar Structures beta feature

Explanation of dissimilarity measure: Documentation.
material dissimilarity Ehull # of elements
Cr8Ni50Mo15W2 (mp-767372) 0.2669 0.028 4
CrFeCoNi (mp-1012640) 0.1745 0.065 4
CrFeCoNi (mp-1096923) 0.3985 0.193 4
HfZr (mp-983459) 0.0015 0.002 2
SmGd3 (mp-1005761) 0.0084 0.003 2
TbZr (mp-978918) 0.0015 0.119 2
Ir3W (mp-30745) 0.0047 0.000 2
MoIr3 (mp-11482) 0.0121 0.000 2
Xe (mp-570510) 0.0031 0.000 1
Tc (mp-113) 0.0119 0.000 1
Li (mp-10173) 0.0075 0.003 1
Gd (mp-910209) 0.0015 0.000 1
Zr (mp-131) 0.0002 0.000 1
Up to 5 similar elemental, binary, ternary, quaternary, etc. structures displayed (dissimilarity threshold 0.75). Ehull: energy above hull per atom [eV].

Calculation Summary

Elasticity

Methodology

Structure Optimization

Run Type
GGA
Energy Cutoff
520 eV
# of K-points
None
U Values
--
Pseudopotentials
VASP PAW: Gd
Final Energy/Atom
-14.0761 eV
Corrected Energy
-28.1522 eV
-28.1522 eV = -28.1522 eV (uncorrected energy)

Detailed input parameters and outputs for all calculations

Show JSON History Show BibTex Citation Download BibTex Citation
ICSD IDs
  • 53608
  • 635705
  • 635704
  • 635713
  • 184250
  • 604038
  • 43579
  • 102659
  • 635710
  • 635703
  • 635708
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User remarks:
  • Gadolinium

Displaying lattice parameters for primitive cell; note that calculated cell volumes are typically overestimated on average by 3% (+/- 6%). Note the primitive cell may appear less symmetric than the conventional cell representation (see "Structure Type" selector below the 3d structure)